Battle of the Butts

Selected Bibliography

Two sources per animal. Click here for Full alphabetical list.

Manatee

Lourie, Peter. “Research.” The Manatee Scientists: Saving Vulnerable Species. HMH Books for Young Readers, 2016, pp. 32-33.

Rommel, Sentiel, and John E. Reynolds. “Diaphragm Structure and Function in the Florida Manatee (Trichechus Manatus Latirostris).” The Anatomical Record 259, no. 1 (May 1, 2000): 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(20000501)259:1<41::AID-AR5 >3.0.CO;2-Q.

Wombat

Sample, Ian. “Scientists Unravel Secret of Cube-Shaped Wombat Faeces.” The Guardian, November 18, 2018, sec. Science. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/nov/18/scientists-unravel-secret-of-cube-shaped-wombat-faeces.

“Wombats Have Buns of Steel – and They Might Literally Be Deadly.” Washington Post. Accessed October 29, 2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2016/10/06/wombats-have-buns-of-steel-and-they-might-literally-be-deadly/.

Fitzroy River Turtle

“Australia’s Bum-Breathing Turtle Gets a Helping Hand.” Ontario Turtle Conservation Centre (blog). Accessed October 29, 2018. https://ontarioturtle.ca/2009/01/australias-bum-breathing-turtle-gets-a-helping-hand/.

“New Dams May Flush Bottom-Breathers Out.” Australasian Science, June 2007. Accessed October 29, 2018. http://sci-s03.bacs.uq.edu.au/sib/sib-news/july07/mathie.pdf.

Herring

“Fish Flatulence — How Certain Fish Communicate in School.” BioZine, December 15, 2017. https://biologybiozine.com/2017/12/15/fish-flatulence-how-certain-fish-communicate-in-school/.

MacLeod, Donald. “Farting Fish Fingered.” The Guardian, March 11, 2005, sec. Education. https://www.theguardian.com/education/2005/mar/11/highereducation.research.

Bombardier Beetle

Eisner, T., and D. J. Aneshansley. “Spray Aiming in the Bombardier Beetle: Photographic Evidence.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96, no. 17 (August 17, 1999): 9705–9. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.17.9705.

“How This Beetle Creates 500 Explosions Per Second In Its Bum.” Science & Innovation, April 30, 2015. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2015/04/30/how-this-beetle-creates-500-explosions-per-second-in-its-bum/. 

Silver-spotted Skipper Caterpillar

Beckman M. As the Frass Flies. Science Now. March 2003:1. https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2003/03/frass-flies Accessed October 1, 2018.

Caveney, Stanley, Heather Mclean, and David Surry. “FAECAL FIRING IN A SKIPPER CATERPILLAR IS PRESSURE-DRIVEN,” n.d., 13. https://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/201/1/121.full.pdf

Beaded Lacewing

Berenbaum, May. “Berothids.” Ninety-Nine More Maggots, Mites, and Munchers. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993, pp. 123-124.

Pearson, Gwen. “Silent and Deadly: Fatal Farts Immobilize Prey.” Wired, June 24, 2015. https://www.wired.com/2015/06/silent-deadly-fatal-farts-immobilize-prey/.

Parrotfish

Gallagher, Ashley. “Tough Teeth and Parrotfish Poop.” Accessed October 30, 2018. http://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/fish/tough-teeth-and-parrotfish-poop. –

“Parrotfish – an Overview | ScienceDirect Topics.” Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/parrotfish. 

Sonoran Coralsnake

Szalay, Jessie, Live Science Contributor | December 16, and 2014 12:46am ET. “Coral Snakes: Colors, Bites, Farts & Facts.” Live Science. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.livescience.com/43938-coral-snakes-colors-bites-farts-facts.html

“Western Coral Snake.” Wildlife Notes , n.d. http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/download/education/conservation/wildlife-notes/amphibians-reptiles/Sonoran-western-coral-snake.pdf.

Sea Cucumber

“Giant Sea Cucumber Eats With Its Anus – National Geographic Blog.” Accessed October 30, 2018. https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2013/03/14/giant-sea-cucumber-eats-with-its-anus/.

Okada, Akari, and Mariko Kondo. “Regeneration of the Digestive Tract of an Anterior-Eviscerating Sea Cucumber, Eupentacta Quinquesemita, and the Involvement of Mesenchymal–Epithelial Transition in Digestive Tube Formation.” Zoological Letters 5, no. 1 (June 21, 2019): 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-019-0133-3.