Battle of the Butts

Full Bibliography

Listed alphabetically. Click here for Selected, divided by animal.

“5 Animals That Can Do Amazing Things (With Their Butts).” Cracked.com. Accessed October 29, 2018. http://www.cracked.com/article_21161_5-animals-that-can-do-amazing-things-with-their-butts.html.

“10 Amazing And Disgusting Butts That Serve An Incredible Purpose.” Listverse, June 10, 2016. https://listverse.com/2016/06/10/10-amazing-and-disgusting-butts-that-serve-an-incredible-purpose/.

“A Leafcutter Ant Colony in Barro Colorado Island.” Nature Documentaries (blog), February 13, 2017. http://naturedocumentaries.org/14126/leafcutter-ant-colony-barro-colorado-island/.

“A Pop a Day Keeps the Predators Away | DiscoverMagazine.Com.” Discover Magazine. Accessed October 30, 2018. http://discovermagazine.com/2000/aug/breakpop.

admin. “Australia’s Bum-Breathing Turtle Gets a Helping Hand.” Ontario Turtle Conservation Centre (blog). Accessed October 29, 2018. https://ontarioturtle.ca/2009/01/australias-bum-breathing-turtle-gets-a-helping-hand/.

Aneshansley, D. J., T. Eisner, J. M. Widom, and B. Widom. “Biochemistry at 100 C: Explosive Secretory Discharge of Bombardier Beetles (Brachinus).” Science 165, no. 3888 (July 4, 1969): 61–63. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.165.3888.61.

“Arizona Coral Snake (Micruroides Euryxanthus).” Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_coral_snake.php.

Bates, Mary. “The Creature Feature: 10 Fun Facts About Wombats.” Wired, December 4, 2014. https://www.wired.com/2014/12/creature-feature-10-fun-facts-wombats/.

Beckman M. As the Frass Flies. Science Now. March 2003:1.

https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2003/03/frass-flies Accessed October 1, 2018.

“‘Beetlejuice’ Works for Real Beetles Too.” DailySabah. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.dailysabah.com/life/2018/02/08/beetlejuice-works-for-real-beetles-too.

Berenbaum, M. Ninety-Nine More Maggots, Mites, and Munchers. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993.

“Bombardier Beetles.” National Wildlife Federation. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.nwf.org/Home/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Invertebrates/Bombardier-Beetles.

“Bombardier Beetles Are Terrifying Nightmare Insects.” JSTOR Daily, February 25, 2018. https://daily.jstor.org/bombardier-beetles-are-terrifying-nightmare-insects/.

Caruso, Nick. Does It Fart? – The Definitive Field Guide to Animal Flatulence., 2017.

Cave, James. “Hawaii’s White Sand Beaches Are Made From Parrotfish Poop.” Huffington Post, March 29, 2014, sec. Environment. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/29/hawaii-beaches-parrotfish-poop_n_5052935.html.

Caveney, Stanley, Heather Mclean, and David Surry. “FAECAL FIRING IN A SKIPPER CATERPILLAR IS PRESSURE-DRIVEN,” n.d., 13.

https://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/201/1/121.full.pdf

Chrism. “The Echinoblog: Sea Cucumber Defense Pt.2! Evisceration of Cuvierian Tubules!” The Echinoblog (blog), February 7, 2012. http://echinoblog.blogspot.com/2012/02/sea-cucumber-defense-pt2-evisceration.html.

———. “The Echinoblog: Sea Cucumber Evisceration! Defense! Regeneration! Why? GROSS!” The Echinoblog (blog), January 31, 2012. http://echinoblog.blogspot.com/2012/01/sea-cucumber-evisceration-defense.html.

———. “The Echinoblog: The Importance of Sea Cucumber Poop!” The Echinoblog (blog), June 11, 2013. http://echinoblog.blogspot.com/2013/06/the-importance-of-sea-cucumber-poop.html.

“Common Wombat | National Geographic.” Animals, April 11, 2010. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/c/common-wombat/.

Curtis, Lee K. Queensland’s Threatened Animals. Csiro Publishing, 2012

Eisner, T., and D. J. Aneshansley. “Spray Aiming in the Bombardier Beetle: Photographic Evidence.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96, no. 17 (August 17, 1999): 9705–9. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.17.9705

Emma. “All about Wombat Scat.” Curious, September 14, 2018. https://www.science.org.au/curious/earth-environment/all-about-wombat-scat.

“Family Berothidae – Beaded Lacewings – BugGuide.Net.” Accessed October 12, 2019. https://bugguide.net/node/view/12457.

“Fish Flatulence — How Certain Fish Communicate in School.” BioZine, December 15, 2017. https://biologybiozine.com/2017/12/15/fish-flatulence-how-certain-fish-communicate-in-school/.

Gallagher, Ashley. “Tough Teeth and Parrotfish Poop.” Accessed October 30, 2018. http://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/fish/tough-teeth-and-parrotfish-poop.

“Giant Sea Cucumber Eats With Its Anus – National Geographic Blog.” Accessed October 30, 2018. https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2013/03/14/giant-sea-cucumber-eats-with-its-anus/.

Hickey G. Fish FRTs. Nature Australia. 2004;28(1):12. Accessed September 20, 2018.

“How This Beetle Creates 500 Explosions Per Second In Its Bum.” Science & Innovation, April 30, 2015. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2015/04/30/how-this-beetle-creates-500-explosions-per-second-in-its-bum/.

Hunt, Kathy. Herring: A Global History. Edible. London: Reaktion Books Ltd, 2017.

“ICES FIshMap – All Documents.” Accessed October 29, 2018. http://www.ices.dk/explore-us/projects/EU-RFP/EU%20Repository/ICES%20FIshMap/ICES%20FishMap%20species%20factsheet-herring.pdf.

Inglis-Arkell, Esther. “Why Do Some Turtles Have the Option To Breathe Through Their Anuses?” io9. Accessed October 29, 2018. https://io9.gizmodo.com/why-do-some-turtles-have-the-option-to-breathe-through-1591864018.

Ingram, Jay. The Science of Why: Answers to Questions about the World around Us, 2016.

“Large Intestine – New World Encyclopedia.” Accessed October 29, 2018. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Large_intestine.

Letzter, Rafi, Staff Writer | November 15, and 2017 02:25pm ET. “Humans Have Cracked the Secrets of Uncrackable Parrotfish Teeth.” Live Science. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.livescience.com/60949-parrotfish-beak-stiff-hard-materials.html.

Lourie, Peter. The Manatee Scientists: Saving Vulnerable Species, 2016.

Lundin, Mikael. “Herring (Clupea Harengus Membras) in the Baltic and Bothnian Sea: Biology, Behavior and a Sustainable, Viable Fishery.” Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, n.d. https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/8365/1/Lundin_M_111013.pdf.

MacLeod, Donald. “Farting Fish Fingered.” The Guardian, March 11, 2005, sec. Education. https://www.theguardian.com/education/2005/mar/11/highereducation.research.

“Manatees | National Geographic.” Animals, November 11, 2010. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/group/manatees/.

“Manatees and How They Live – Script.” Accessed October 29, 2018. https://www.oceanicresearch.org/education/films/manaspt.html.

MindComet, Inc-http://www mindcomet com. “Manatees.” Accessed October 29, 2018.

https://seaworld.org/animals/facts/mammals/manatees/

“Neuropteran | Insect | Britannica.Com.” Accessed October 12, 2019. https://www.britannica.com/animal/neuropteran.

“Neuroptera (Lacewings, Antlions) (Insects).” Accessed October 30, 2018. http://what-when-how.com/insects/neuroptera-lacewings-antlions-insects/.

Okada, Akari, and Mariko Kondo. “Regeneration of the Digestive Tract of an Anterior-Eviscerating Sea Cucumber, Eupentacta Quinquesemita, and the Involvement of Mesenchymal–Epithelial Transition in Digestive Tube Formation.” Zoological Letters 5, no. 1 (June 21, 2019): 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-019-0133-3.

Pain, Stephanie. “Super Pooper.” New Scientist 180, no. 2425 (December 13, 2003): 44–45.

https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18024256-300-super-pooper/

“Parrot Fish | Fish.” Encyclopedia Britannica. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.britannica.com/animal/parrot-fish.

“Parrotfish | National Geographic.” Animals, November 11, 2010. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/group/parrotfish/.

“Parrotfish – an Overview | ScienceDirect Topics.” Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/parrotfish.

Pearson, Gwen. “Silent and Deadly: Fatal Farts Immobilize Prey.” Wired, June 24, 2015. https://www.wired.com/2015/06/silent-deadly-fatal-farts-immobilize-prey/.

Rommel, Sentiel, and John E. Reynolds. “Diaphragm Structure and Function in the Florida Manatee (Trichechus Manatus Latirostris).” The Anatomical Record 259, no. 1 (May 1, 2000): 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(20000501)259:1<41::AID-AR5>3.0.CO;2-Q.

Ronson, Jacqueline. “Yes, This Fish Poops Out Sand—And Might Save Dying Coral Reefs.” Inverse. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.inverse.com/article/34220-chasing-coral-netflix-parrotfish-poop-sand-beach.

Russell, Dan. “Parrotfish and Sand Production (Part 2).” SearchReSearch (blog), September 27, 2013. http://searchresearch1.blogspot.com/2013/09/parrotfish-and-sand-production-part-2.html.

“Sea Cucumbers | National Geographic.” Animals, September 10, 2010. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/group/sea-cucumbers/.

“See the Amazing Way a Beetle Survives Being Eaten.” National Geographic News, February 6, 2018. https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/01/beetle-survives-toad-vomit-animals/.

“SIB News July 07.” Accessed October 29, 2018. http://sci-s03.bacs.uq.edu.au/sib/sib-news/july07/mathie.pdf

“Silver-Spotted Skipper – Epargyreus Clarus (Cramer).” Accessed October 30, 2018. http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/bfly/silver-spotted_skipper.htm.

“Silver-Spotted Skipper Epargyreus Clarus (Cramer, 1775) | Butterflies and Moths of North America.” Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species/Epargyreus-clarus.

Simon, Matt. “Absurd Creature of the Week: This Beetle Fires Boiling Chemicals Out of Its Bum.” Wired, May 16, 2014. https://www.wired.com/2014/05/absurd-creature-of-the-week-bombardier-beetle/.

———. “Absurd Creature of the Week: This Fish Swims Up a Sea Cucumber’s Butt and Eats Its Gonads.” Wired, February 21, 2014. https://www.wired.com/2014/02/absurd-creature-of-the-week-pearlfish/.

———. “Absurd Creature of the Week: This Goofy Fish Poops Out White-Sand Beaches.” Wired, August 8, 2014. https://www.wired.com/2014/08/absurd-creature-of-the-week-parrotfish/.

“Snakes’ Defensive Farts.” Accessed October 30, 2018. http://www.anapsid.org/snakefart.html.

“Sonoran Coralsnake (Micruroides Euryxanthus) – Reptiles of Arizona.” Accessed October 30, 2018. http://www.reptilesofaz.org/Snakes-Subpages/h-m-euryxanthus.html.

Szalay, Jessie, Live Science Contributor | December 16, and 2014 12:46am ET. “Coral Snakes: Colors, Bites, Farts & Facts.” Live Science. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.livescience.com/43938-coral-snakes-colors-bites-farts-facts.html.

TEDx Talks. How Herring Farts Almost Lead to a Diplomatic Crisis: Magnus Wahlberg at TEDxGöteborg, 2012. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQ1Jr6QqSlE.

“The Herring.” Accessed October 29, 2018. http://www.fao.org/3/x5933e/x5933e01.htm

“Western Coral Snake.” Wildlife Notes , n.d. http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/download/education/conservation/wildlife-notes/amphibians-reptiles/Sonoran-western-coral-snake.pdf.

Weisberger, Mindy, Senior Writer | July 26, and 2018 08:57am ET. “Watch This Giant Sea Cucumber Expel a Spiraling Poop Log.” Live Science. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.livescience.com/63169-pooping-sea-cucumber-video.html.

Wilson, Ben. “Pacific and Atlantic Herring Produce Burst Pulse Sounds.” The Royal Society, n.d. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1809969/pdf/15101430.pdf.

“Wombat | San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants.” Accessed October 29, 2018. https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/wombat.

“Wombats Have Buns of Steel – and They Might Literally Be Deadly.” Washington Post. Accessed October 29, 2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2016/10/06/wombats-have-buns-of-steel-and-they-might-literally-be-deadly/.